Summation Symbol (∑)
Summation Symbol
The capital sigma operator indicates a sum over a specified index or set.
Codes for ∑
| Unicode | |
|---|---|
| HTML entity | |
| HTML decimal | |
| HTML hexadecimal | |
| CSS escape | |
| JavaScript |
How to Type ∑ on Windows and Word
For the most reliable Windows method, copy the symbol from this page. In Microsoft Word, type 2211 and press Alt+X. Word converts the hexadecimal Unicode value into ∑. Press Alt+X again to switch the symbol back to its code.
How to Type ∑ on Mac, Chromebook, and Linux
On a Mac, open Character Viewer with Control+Command+Space, search for “Summation Symbol”, and insert it. Chromebook users can copy the symbol or use the Unicode input method where supported. On Linux, press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 2211, and press Enter.
Examples and Correct Usage
Bounds are commonly written above and below ∑ in display math or beside it in inline text.
Use the actual Unicode character rather than a visually similar keyboard substitute when the distinction matters in mathematics, science, accessibility, searching, or data processing.