Proportional To Symbol (∝)

Proportional To Symbol

The proportional-to symbol states that one quantity changes in constant proportion to another.

Codes for ∝

Unicode
HTML entity
HTML decimal
HTML hexadecimal
CSS escape
JavaScript

How to Type ∝ on Windows and Word

For the most reliable Windows method, copy the symbol from this page. In Microsoft Word, type 221D and press Alt+X. Word converts the hexadecimal Unicode value into ∝. Press Alt+X again to switch the symbol back to its code.

How to Type ∝ on Mac, Chromebook, and Linux

On a Mac, open Character Viewer with Control+Command+Space, search for “Proportional To Symbol”, and insert it. Chromebook users can copy the symbol or use the Unicode input method where supported. On Linux, press Ctrl+Shift+U, type 221d, and press Enter.

Examples and Correct Usage

Write y ∝ x when y = kx for some constant k.

Use the actual Unicode character rather than a visually similar keyboard substitute when the distinction matters in mathematics, science, accessibility, searching, or data processing.